Physician Assisted Suicide Should Not Harm Than Good

Introduction Physician-assisted suicide occurs when a physician facilitates a patient’s death by providing the necessary means and/or information to enable the patient to perform the life-ending act. For example, the physician provides sleeping pills and information about the lethal dose, while aware that the patient may commit suicide (Pullicino, n.d). On the other side, natural death occurs when a patient dies from the consequences of old age or disease. The patient s death may be at least partly due to surgery, to a treatment or to a medication (or to their complications), that is given in an appropriate dose and for an appropriate indication, with the intent of treating a disease or relieving pain (Pullicino, n.d). It is understandable that some patients in extreme pressure such as those suffering from a terminal, painful illness may come to decide that they would rather die than live. However, allowing physicians to participate in assisted suicide would cause more harm than good. Physician-assisted suicide is fundamentally incompatible with the physician’s role as a healer and would be difficult or impossible to control. Body Topic Physician-assisted suicide is not part of medical ethics and should not become a part. The appeals court noted that the American Medical Association s Code of Ethics declares physician-assisted suicide to be fundamentally incompatible with the physician s role as healer. The court then added a comment of its own: The physician sShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics of Euthanasia Essay1742 Words   |  7 Pages She would often talk about how on his â€Å"good† days he would plead her husband to put a pillow on his head and suffocate him, to take him out of his misery. If it was legal, her husband would have willingly helped her father and put him out of his misery, however in the state of North Carolina, physician-assisted suicide is illegal. Luckily, her father passed away this year and is finally free of pain and suffering. However, if physician-assisted suicide was legal, her father would not have hadRead MorePhysician Assisted Suicide1226 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Physician Assisted Suicide There are instances when people who are terminally ill or severely injured who want to terminate their own lives. Sometimes, due to the state of their injuries or conditions, those people are unable to end their own pain. It is in many of these cases that the patients request assistance in their suicides. This kind of request is like to happen in facilities where the patient receives long term or permanent care. Physician assisted suicide is a hotly contested issueRead MoreAssisted Suicide : Pro Choice Or Anti Life?1130 Words   |  5 PagesPhysician assisted suicide is a topic that promotes debates from all sides. At the core of the physician assisted suicide debate is the idea that people should have the right to commit suicide if they choose to. There are those who feel human beings should have complete control over what happens to their bodies. Then there are those who feel we should strive to save life at all costs. When you add in the idea of a physician who has sworn to do no harm helping a person to end their life, the debateRead MoreThe Death Of Physician Assisted Suicide1731 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who think it could be immoral. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting the physician-assisted suicide. To guarantee that the process is carried out correctly a doctor or a witness should be there to prove consciousness. The patient must be diagnosed with a terminal illness, if they are not then there is a possibility for a life. There are many pro’s and con’s to physician-assisted suicide. If a person is terminally ill theyRead MoreThe Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide1720 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscussing physician-assisted suicide is a very controversial issue that is discussed daily by those who wish to die to avoid loss of dignity and also by those who think it is unethical. For physician-assisted suicide to even be considered, the patient must be of sound mind when they are requesting death with dignity. Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option for people who are unable to end their own lives. However, there should be safeguards to prevent any sort of abuse. There should be theRead MoreFree Doctor Assisted Suicide Within Canada1136 Words   |  5 Pagespoliticians arose on whether mature minors have the right to access doctor-assisted suicide within Canada. In Canadian Paediatric Society1 article, it explains how the government has a three-year deadline in order to create new legislation. However, the the Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) believes that this three-year deadline Is not enough time to â€Å"gather adequate and appropriate information† on whether this practice should be allowed to be extended to minors under the age of 18. Currently, the CPSRead MoreEuthanasia Research Paper1614 Words   |  7 Pagessuffering. The physician would provide the patient with information or tools needed to perform the act . Not only is Euthanasia dangerous, but it involves an innocent taking the life of another, and can really hurt loved ones. Sick patients feel overwhelmed by difficult emotions or situations, but it is no reason to kill oneself. Physician assisted suicide, let alone suicide is never the right thing to do. Euthanasia should be illegal in all states. (www.euthanasia.com) Physician assisted suicide, or euthanasiaRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legalized?1536 Words   |  7 Pagesacquired immunodeficiency syndrome (Back et al. 919). This study also uncovered that â€Å"the patient concerns most often perceived by physicians were worries about loss of control, being a burden, being dependent on others for personal care, and loss of dignity† (Back et al. 919). Although some argue that euthanasia is the best way to die for terminally-ill patients, it should be banned because its regulation will yield complex and unwelcome ramifications. Euthanasia has a very complex and extensive historyRead MoreMovie Analysis : Million Dollar Baby1273 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds his help. Frankie is in a dilemma-should he help her die or not because he wants to keep her alive and he knows it s a sin if he helps her commit suicide. He understands that she is suffering and even keeping her alive is killing her. Ultimately, Frankie goes to Maggie s hospital room, take her off mechanical ventilation and injects her with adrenaline to end her life. This movie deals with the ethical issues of euthanasia and assisted suicide for people with disabilities or debilitatingRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Physician Assisted Suicide Essay1095 Words   |  5 PagesArgumentative Essay: Physician Assisted Suicide, Should it be Legalized? Physician assisted suicide is requested by the terminally ill, typically when the pain from the illness is too much to handle and is not manageable through treatments or other medications. Assisted suicide is more of a broad term for helping someone die a good death, physician assisted suicide is where a medical doctor provides information and medication and the patient then administers the medications themselves. Euthanasia

The Society Gap Between Rich And Poor - 912 Words

â€Å"If the Negro in the ghetto must eternally be fed by the hand that pushes him into the ghetto, he will never become strong enough to get out of the ghetto †( Carter G. Woodson). Mis-education criticizes the education system and how the results of miseducated individuals miseducate other people. The lack of diversity in schools makes the diversity issue come to light. Society makes in it seem like being gay, straight, African American, white, short, tall, fat, or skinny seem wrong. There needs to be diversity in schools, if everyone is homogenous and thinks alike, there would not be anything to teach and educate people about. The society gap between rich and poor keeps growing year after year, the rich get richer, and the poor get poorer. As Trump once said â€Å"My dad gave me a small loan for a million dollars†, that’s a small amount compared to what the poor minds think. When the poor think of a million dollars we think a future filled with great things . The rich think of it as pocket change, they will waste it on stupid, useless things. Mis-education, lack of diversity, and the gap between rich and poor are very common in the Negro community but it is now spreading to more and more cultures across the United States. Mis-education came about in 1915 by Carter G. Woodson, an African-American historian, when he helped found the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. In early 1930 race played a big part in who had education and who did not whites mostly received aShow MoreRelatedThe Context Of Growing Economic Interdependence1672 Words   |  7 Pages(globalisation); inequality is both growing within and between nations. In turn, analysing the following the following statement that â€Å"Inequality can undermine economic, social and perhaps even political stability. It can tear the very fabric that holds society together. We now have firm evidence that a severely skewed income distribution harms the pace and sustainability of growth over the longer term. The growing gap between the rich and poor is now at its highest levels due to wealth disparityRead MoreDisparity Between The Wealthy And Poor874 Words   |  4 Pagesconcerns, and generates the social issue. As time goes on, widening disparity between the wealthy and poor is one of the greatest challenges, and it seriously impedes economic development. Since widening income gap, the number of poor people will increase, and the poor will become poorer. According to Pomeroy (2014, p.1), the wealthy are becoming more wealthy and have more power on â€Å"economic pie† while the poor are becoming poorer through capital accumulation at an extremely rapid rate. As weRead MoreSocial Mobility And The Social Class884 Words   |  4 Pagesexists in our society and it is usually decided by money, status, or education. Moreover, we almost never change our class to others especially to upper class. Throughout this story, the author said that social limitation and social mobility make a huge gap that cannot narrow easily between the wealthy people and the poor people in our society. Also these systems keep making the gap bigger and it showed in the story by using the monkey, bills, and the people in the party. Therefore, the rich has too manyRead MorePoverty : A Economic Disparity Between The Rich And Poor1361 Words   |  6 PagesAn impoverished nation forms when there is great economic disparity between the rich and the poor. Adam Smith reflects on the income gap in his quote: â€Å"No society can surely be flourishing and happy, of which the far greater part of the members are poor and miserable.† Due to Saudi Arabia’s vast oil wealth, there is a large amount of the population who live well and fruitful, but more than 20 percent of the population lives in crippling poverty (Baker, 2013). Poverty is usually defined in eitherRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization refers to all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society.† Definition by Martin AL brow, 1990, a British Sociologist. Globalization helps to under developed co untries by increasing their economic. On the other side, researchers and experts are saying that, globalization helps in increasing gap between poor and rich people in all around the world. The impact of the globalization is so wide and board, it is difficult to solveRead MoreCapitalism on Wages and Income Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pagesof different societies since the government has no control over the economy. The forces of capitalism greatly affect the societies in that the poor continues to be poorer while the reach society continues to accumulate wealthy and become richer. It widens the income disparity gap. It influences both the economic aspect and social aspect of the societies largely. This mainly is influenced by the forces that determine the level of accumulation of capital among the different societies. This paper willRead MoreThere Has Been A Growing Gap Between The Rich And Poor1562 Words   |  7 Pagesgrowing gap between the rich and poor in the world today. This i s also known as economic inequality which consists of disproportions in the distribution of income and wealth between rich and the poor. This essay will look into two articles, firstly it will analyze the disparity of wealth between rich and poor in United States. This essay will also try to explain why there is so much inequality by using different sociological theories. According to the Bloomberg (2017) article the gap between the richRead MoreIntroduction Presently, it is so much simpler and convenient to communicate with others than it was1000 Words   |  4 Pageswill be identifying common problems that are caused by the increasing gap between the rich and the poor and also by increased invasions of privacy, then elaborating further by using examples of the two impacts, supported by my opinions and arguments with relevant theories and literature that has been covered during the course. Increasing gap between the rich and the poor Where there is an increasing gap between the rich and the poor, it suggests that there is an economic inequality in the apportionmentRead MoreBenefits Of A College Student On Financial Aid1293 Words   |  6 Pagesdreams never manifest. Is it because they do not take the necessary steps to become wealthy? Or, could it be they take the steps but still get blocked because of the wealth gap? The wealth gap can be defined as unequal distribution of financial assets among a population. Or, to provide a better understanding of the wealth gap, think of it as â€Å"the haves† and â€Å"the have nots.† Of course the haves are the wealthy one percent of the population that controls almost 20 percent of the wealth. On the otherRead MoreThe Inequality Gap Of The Rich And Poor1183 Words   |  5 PagesSome people would argue that the inequality gap of the rich and the poor does not affect our democracy. Others say the inequality gap is weakening our democracy. Either way, t here is a wealth gap between the rich and the poor in the United States and as this gap between the classes expands, there is a debate over what should be done. On one side, people believe that great inequality between the rich and the poor is incompatible with democracy. Democracy is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary

Understanding Human Resource Management CAPCO

Question: What structure can be suitable for Capco and explain the reasons? How do the following listed factors influence employee motivation? Relate to Capco Answer: Introduction CAPCO is mainly a globalized consultancy of technology and business, which is based in Belgium. This company vastly focuses on six leading servicing segments such as banking, insurance, sponsoring, technology, capital marketplaces, risk, and acquiescence. The company has over 20 offices across Europe, North America, Africa and Asia and has personal over 2000 working at the outlets all over the world. That is a case study on the globalized consulting organization CAPCO. It is all about the companys suitable structure, inclined employee enthusiasm, management styles and HRM functions. These subjects are all related to The Capital Markets Company N.V. or CAPCO. Suitable structure of CAPCO and its reasons Company's structure is mainly based on the way the employees are connected to each other in the internal environment of the respective organization. Flat structure: That term also referred as a horizontal organization where there are very limited or nil levels at the connective level between the organization management executives and the staffs (Enelow and Kursmark 2003). Tall structure The Tall structure is an organizational construction which can also be referred as hierarchy structure as there are so many levels present in between executive managements and the employees (Tall structure lightning induced by sprite-producing discharges 2003). The levels may be like managers and those managers control their selected territory as small groups of stuff. In simple words, this is a complex structure. So, that is clear that CAPCO does fit with the tall structure as this company is much more flexible and like to modernize tactical culture. More likely CAPCO does rely on teamwork, not in the tall hierarchical construction and it is a flat communicative structure (Caldas and Soibelman 2003). The cause of this kind of construction of CAPCO apparently it's working process, where the employees like to solve the problems of the clients with unity. In this company the employees can express themselves freely as they are free to ask questions. More importantly, they can show their creativity and can suggest improvements as they live in a free internal environment in the workplace. Influencing the employee motivation related to Capco CAPCO believes in team work which helps the company to get best human resources. Employee motivation is a crucial part of marketing management as it helps the company to make a good profit in the global marketplace (Witzany 2000). The extent of control Extent of the control means some supporters a supervisor having on his side of the control. It's a human resource administration (Rosow 1988). There are some points which can affect the span of scrutiny of geographical dispersion, employee's ability, capability of the higher authorities to get the best out of the stuff, etc. Hierarchy That is a term which means like a ladder in an organization employee placement. That delivers a meaning like any stuff doesn't have a higher or lower position in the company. That way they are inspired to bring the best out of them at CAPCO. As CAPCO has many branches all over the global marketplace, the supervisor discovers it problematic to supervise each of the employees over the outlets. That may be called as smaller span control. Moreover, if the stuff are inspired and they take working initiatives by themselves then it is easy to supervise them, then it can be called as full span control (Reiterer and Ziegler 2006). Management styles of CAPCO and management influencing In the marketing management world, leadership style is a big issue as that can take a company to a higher level of profit by getting the best out of its employees. The leadership is mainly three types as below, Democratic management That style is matching with CAPCO where the manager takes part in the decision making and also allows the employees to give their opinion. Then the decision is finalized upon the majority. That is the best and useful way of leadership in the marketplace and also the one kind that CAPCO uses (Tracy 2014). Autocratic management This type of style points the supervisor is the one, and individual decision maker and the manager does not allow the employees to take part in decision making. Capco is not one of this type. Laissez-faire management In this type of control the supervisor takes his duty off, allowing the staff groups make the decisions for the company. So, the manager doesn't take part in the decision making. Therefore, it is also not the type of CAPCO. Influence management is where the specific stuff can have the freedom to influence their creativity and challenging senses in their workplace to solve the problems of the clients. Moreover, CAPCO uses it very properly in their creativity. HRM Functions relate to Capco HRM stands for Human Resource Management. That is a fragment of administrative management, where the manager should have the ability to control the area of marketplace under him. HRM functions include many creative roles like managerial function, advisory and operative function (Lussier and Hendon, 2013). Managerial function As the HRM is a part of the major management of a company, so the manager should be aware of the administrative skills. This section includes a function of an arrangement, shaping, leading and must know to control his employees for the company. Advisory function As the part of the company management the supervisor must be high on education and also be able to give training to the human resources. The supervisor should be able to expertise to area of the marketplace that he can give good ideas about the management to the higher authorities. Operative function This type of function contains materials like employment, compensation, development, maintenance and integration under the managed area of a manager. So, the supervisor must be able to handle this type of situations under his territory. Whereas CAPCO allows all its employees to think for the company future, so, automatically the managers are also capable of these things for the goodwill of the company. Conclusion and Recommendations The goal of a reputed company like CAPCO should be finding complex and tough solutions for its clients, and they are effectively good at this kind of situations. The higher authorities of the organization are so right that they can get the best out of the employees by treating them as valuable resources for the organization management. The company believes in open minded relation with the clients as they give its stuff full freedom to communicate with the ordinary people individually and socialize themselves. Moreover, the globalized company should have more outlets over the world and should recruit more eligible employees. CAPCO should concentrate more on the internet communication with its clients for the better goodwill of the company. References Caldas, C. and Soibelman, L. (2003). Automating hierarchical document classification for construction management information systems.Automation in Construction, 12(4), pp.395-406. Enelow, W. and Kursmark, L. (2003).Expert resumes for managers and executives. Indianapolis, IN: JIST Works. Lussier, R. and Hendon, J. (2013).Human resource management. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. Reiterer, M. and Ziegler, F. (2006). Control of pedestrian-induced vibrations of long-span bridges.Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 13(6), pp.1003-1027. Rosow, J. (1988).The Global marketplace. New York: Facts on File. Tall structure lightning induced by sprite-producing discharges. (2003). Washington, D.C.: United States. Dept. of Defense. Tracy, B. (2014).Leadership. New York: American Management Association. Witzany, G. (2000).Life, the communicative structure. [Norderstedt]: G. Witzany.

Current Accounting Developments In Thoughts â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Current Accounting Developments In Thoughts? Answer: Introducation In this article, McCabe has provided his views and opinions regarding the challenges faced by small accounting firms in the contemporary accounting business world. According to McCabe, the Economic Recession has caused a number of challenges for the businesses all over the world, among which accounting challenges are the major one. Although many big companies have managed to overcome the accounting issues, several small sized accounting firms are still struggling to deal with these issues (Vasarhely et al., 2015). A recently released report from American Institute of CPAs 2017 shows that most of the small accounting firms include sole proprietors and businesses of 20 plus, whose top priority is to recruit and retain talented staff so as to plan effectively and attract more clients. The author says that one of the most important problems faced by small accounting businesses is identifying and keeping the calibre staff. This is because high quality, skilled, and experienced staff deman d for high salary along with other non-monetary benefits which the small firms find difficult to afford. Moreover, these firms can provide only limited career prospects and opportunities for fresh individuals who have the ability to work for more dynamic and refined entities. Peterson contended that smaller accounting firms need to be more creative and innovative in order to retain top people. However, these cannot meet the expense of higher salaries, incentives and vacation leaves for their employees but they can offer a flexible working schedule for employees and build family-friendly office environment to keep the employees motivated and happy. Another problem which the author observed for small accounting firms is the non-availability or non-actability to the needed technologies and funds for securing and upgrading the privacy requirements of the clients (Adapa et al., 2016). This threat sometimes proves to be critical for the existence of the newly established small firms. Furthermore, these firms are the prey of big firms who target the clients and customers of small firms to expand their own business at the loss of later. Since small accounting practitioners lack in expertise and know-how, they become unable to enhance their service quality and add customer value. The author viewed that if the firms are provided with these resources, they would be able to deliver management accounting services which would be appreciated by the clients and would increase the value. As per the survey carried out in the recent years by Tax Strategy Group, small accounting firms also face the problem of high cost of operations and raising advances and loans along with statutory compliance burden. Although compliance problems are generally faced by all types and size of firms but the small ones find it more difficult to fulfil all the regulatory requirements effectively. A quarterly report released by ISME in 2011, reveals that there was a fall in business confidence and employment opportunities in small accounting firms due to job losses in the first and second quarter of 2011. The establishment of International Financial Reporting System by IASB has committed to make the small accounting firms accounting activities cost effective and efficient by providing relief from using the new guidelines of IFRS specifically framed for SMEs. In this context, International Accounting Standard Board has also set new standards for small accounting firms. These standards are easy to understand and use while fulfilling all the reporting requirements of these businesses. These specifically designed policies are meant to benefit the small firms in the long run by meeting their capabilities and needs. Also, these accounting standards are more easily comparable globally and fewer complexities make the standards more flexible and stable. However, McCabe believe that these new standards have done nothing good but have increased the challenges for small accounting firms. This change has adversely affected the staff abilities and knowledge, which are responsible for preparing the accounts of the firms. It has created a need for advanced skills and education in the personnel so as to effectively apply the changed accounting policies. It not only increases the staff training necessity but also takes more time and resources of the organization, thus contributing in the increased operation cost of the small organizations. According to a study carried out by the International Business Report 2010, small accounting firms were found to have the highest knowledge of IFRS at more than 85%. It was considered that the introduction of new IFRS will be helpful for small accounting firms in terms of improved transparency and availability of funds. In order to survive and sustain, these businesses need to provide training on the application of new accounting practices to their staff. If this step not implemented, the organizations may come into more trouble instead of overcoming them. Some accounting experts stated that new financial reporting policies will enable the small firms in cross border acquisitions and mergers as they do not possess the adequate experience and knowledge to prepare their accounts in line with new accounting standards (Sallem et al., 2017). However, due to the occurrence of various corporate crises for example in World Com and Enron, a number of small accounting firms all over the world, like Brown and Berns LLP, and New Yorks Grassi Co have ceased to offer several services such as audit of public limited corporations. Some of these firms claimed that they are not ready to harm their goodwill just by conducting single unfair audit or an unethical / unlawful piece of work for any such client. It indicated that small accounting firms can confront the threat from government regulations in case they function in an unfair manner. It could cost them their public as well as corporate image in the long term. In addition to this, CPA Australia has observed that although most of the small accounting firms offer additional services along with accounting services such as business planning, financial advice, and strategic planning but this creates issues because many accountants fail to be involved properly in the delivery of such services as they think supply of these can bring more risk to them. It causes unfavourable results for the small practitioners as the clients then prefer to go elsewhere for availing such additional services, thus reducing the existing client base of the firms. In this article, McCabe has also identified some factors which are responsible for discouraging the small accountants from providing additional services. These factors include Accountants comfort ability to deliver certain services and unwillingness to come out of their comfort level. Also, these small accountants never stay eager to learn new things and gain more knowledge which prevents them to provide competitive services and compete with big firms (Graves, Seet, 2017). They feel too much rivalry and risk in dealing with traditional services. Moreover, it has been noted that these small accountants have their own image as a narrow book keeper, which is incompatible with new emerging modern accounting demands. Inadequacy of financial, human, and intellectual resources is also a big issue with small practitioners. In the article, the author has also realized that may small accounting firms think that they are too small to provide advisory services. This is only their self-created l imitation as these firms can staff up to free their time and execute consulting too. In order to ensure that the small accounting firms leaders are capable to develop and extend their practices and utilize the opportunity that are brought with the cloud technology, the firms require to search for talented people. Also, the small practitioners should change their perceptions and outlook they perceive the recruiting and hiring activities. The firms should go for the latest technology adoption and should not be afraid or feel insecure of the cloud. They need to move ahead everywhere and with everything. According to the author, the small accountants require to review their existing processes and design the new and effective ones. It would allow them to become more successful in less time (Kocakulah et al., 2016). The introduction of training programs and up gradation of accounting systems on the regular basis is also vital for small accounting firms in order to effectively deal with the new clients. Apart from this, the article suggests that the small accountants should emphasise on what they can deliver more efficiently in context of taking the time for strategic review and thriving. The firms must properly determine its strengths, limitations, threats, and opportunities and establish goals and objectives accordingly. They can concentrate on some different areas. This speciality sometimes partly covers into other areas such as the tax law (Cherry, 2016). Just as law firms, accounting enterprises have to ensure that their services are satisfying the requirements of different customers. A good option towards overcoming the shifting business environment, which is a key challenge confronted by most of the small accounting firms would be to invest in supplying as many services as possible. Clients choose working with firms where they can get a lot of services all under one roof. Providing standardized services would confirm that accounting firms place themselves in top rankings in t he professional service sector. Expose draft are the basically documents that are presented by the accounting standard management bodies to change in the current standard due to the misusing of the concurrent accounting standard. There are many accounting system management bodies such as FASB , IASB and AASB which seeks to enhance the proposal in order to create the better system as compare to the before or existing (FASB, 2017). Accounting standard board in the Australian accounting management system is an important body that is authorized to deliver the amendments in current accounting standard to mitigate the challenges arises in the present accounting principles. Financial accounting standard board has issues an exposure to build the changes and implement new revised standard in relation to Australian accounting standard management. FASB has released the draft in reference with the Technical Corrections and Improvements to Topic 942 which is concerned to the financial service and intended to eliminate of certain guidance for bad debts reserves of savings and loans which prioritize under the depository and lending service of the business. This technical guidance is facilitated to the removing the issues in financial service for bad debts which comes in action of the Accounting for Net Deferred Tax Charges (Circular 202) and US Comptroller of the Currencys Banking Circular 202 (Earnst and Young LLP, 2017). On the other hand, accounting bodies are not having any misleading presentation to influence the financial service of perspective organizations. Along with this, the main aim of the FASB is to enhance the financial reporting that supports ent ities to take worthy decisions and can also be imperative for the external stakeholder to use the detained information to build significant strategies. Apart from this, accounting standard management body has also released a comment proposal to provide the relevant and adequate suggestion or the proposed correction that the board can treat for its final implementation. Entities are open to share its suggestions in order to the File Reference No. 2017-260 with the technical correction and improvement project improvement in reference to the topic number 942. Comments and suggestions in concerned to the Bad debts reserves and savings are also invited from the recipients to pose their comment if they are satisfied or not. Bragg, 2011, described that the financial services are the important for institutions to support the business in relation to delivering the financial assistance in order to expand and develop the business in perspective market. With this, there are three main financial services are conferred by the institutions as depository, lending and loans which is mostly managed and controlled by the commercial banks, credit unions and savings institutions. The corrections and amendments are linked to the subtopic 942-740 that perceived the guidance over the tax concerns in reference of bad debts reserves and loans. With this, the bad debts reserves is also an major accounting terms that is subjected to the fund which is kept for the concern of account receivables and can tempt to the perspective business (Wahlen, et. al, 2012). It is also conceived that the bad debts challenges is influenced by the low level of customers. On the other hand, large bad debts are also not good for the institution and it also negatively impact over the institutions credit policy. Comments in relation to the following amendments exposure draft are also invited to deliver the consequences over the technical codification (FASB, 2017). The due date to pose the perspective suggestion is October 25, 2017, if the recipient entities are not in favour and it can also share the scope attached to the suggestions. Review over the comments of various industries market players As per the given responsibilities in relation to assessment and evaluate the perspective changes and amendments in accounting standards which is related to the bad debts reserves for depositing and lending over financial services. From the comment referring four firms reviews are also assessed to depict over the suggestions and influence of the codification changes that are made over the financial services. Comments from the four different organizations are involved; the market players are as KPMG LLP, NYS Society, BDO USA LLP and Deloitte. It is known that all are the competitive firms in the market so their comments are better to consider for any type of suggestions in the adaptable manner Review and Assessment of comments from the client The comments from the four major corporations are derived moving towards the significant suggestions over the amendments in codifications. Invitation latter sent to the market players is returned back to the FASB to cater the suggestion over the elimination of certain guidance for bad debt reserves of savings and loans. On the basis of analysis of following comments from the four leading market players in the perspective industry, it can be stated that the all the recipients have accepted the proposed elimination in relation to bad debts reserves for the financial institutions. All participants agreed with the codification which is removed from the paragraph of topic 942 because it was not for highly relevant to the concurrent accounting standards. On the other hand Authors argued in support of the recommendation from the BDO LLP, that the provided comments from the organization would be supportive to the enhancement of guidance relating to the depository and lending service with positive effective over the accounting standards. On the basis of comments from the client, overall four clients are satisfied with the change and elimination made in the bad debts reserves and supporting to the authorized body to make the elimination that are effective to use and upgrade the accounting standards. On the other hand, BDO LLP is not fully satisfied with the codification in topic 942 regarding the deferred tax liability over bad debts reserves. Authors described that the technical correction would influence various institutions such as stock and mutual fund, savings banks and with this the financial corporations would also be impacted which has made a reserve for bad debts. With this, BDO business also commented that it would refer to the board to address the proposed comments so that it can be a valuable modification in the accounting standards. Further, Deloitte is happy with the correction, it stated that the following changes would not impact negatively the underlined firms and might not derive the cost for the administration of proposed eliminations in depository and lending services. With this, this corporation is in favor of the perspective amendments and interested to follow the guidelines over the corrected topic 942. Further, BDO LLP has delivered some of the recommendations that might enhance the exposure of following elimination. As FASB is intended to remove the technical errors in the accounting standards which are arose by 1987. At the same time, it is also reviewed that the subtopic 942-740 is subjected to new guidance but the BDO Corporation suggested that the accounting standard management body should not remove the paragraph as However if circumstances indicates that the associationbecause of the US GAAP does not have codified guidance for this extraordinary item. With this, it has also stated that the impa ct of the income tax would be tempted from the different subjects that come under the subtopic 740-30. In accordance to this, it is also contempt that the paragraph as 942-740-35-3, issues the percentage of deduction which is not available for longer time period. Furthermore, the guidance over the circular 202 which is referred to the deferred tax charges should also remove from the technical codification as it also supported that it is more relevant to the subjectivity of accounting standards. It is also interested that if board want to simplify the technical issues regarding the up gradation of accounting exposure in reference to the US GAAP for circular 202 can also remove as it would also be useful for the users those are conducting and adopted the codification. With this, the KPMG and NYSSCPA are also supporting the changes and elimination in the reserves for bad debts as it is evaluated that the proposed amended standards would not influence the performance of the corporation those have adopted this accounting exposure. Its also interested that the arisen guidelines are also not much value creating for the business so it can be superseded from the derived codification for topic 942 (FASB, 2012). In relation to public interest FASB issued that the following amendments in topic 942 would not affect the interest of general public and it be for the betterment of concurrent accounting standards. References Adapa, S., Rindfleish, J., Sheridan, A. (2016). Doing genderin a regional context: Explaining women's absence from senior roles in regional accounting firms in Australia.Critical Perspectives on Accounting,35(2), 100-110. Bragg, S. (2011). Wiley GAAP: Interpretation and Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 2011. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Cherry, M. (2016). Accounting for Trust: A Conceptual Model for the Determinants of Trust in the Australian Public Accountant-SME Client Relationship.Australasian Accounting Business Finance Journal,10(2), 3. Earnst and Young LLP, (2017). International GAAP 2017:Generally Accepted Accounting Practice under International Management Reporting Standards. USA: John Wiley and Sons. Ey, (2017). Proposed Accounting Standards. Retrieved from: file:///C:/Users/I4%20Consulting/Downloads/fasbproposal_techcorrectdeplending_27june2017.pdf Fasb, (2017). Comment letter for KPMG. Retrieved from: https://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=idblobnocache=trueblobwhere=1175835299521blobheader=application%2Fpdfblobheadername2=Content-Lengthblobheadername1=Content-Dispositionblobheadervalue2=505792blobheadervalue1=filename%3DTC942.ED.001.KPMG_LLP.pdfblobcol=urldatablobtable=MungoBlobs Fasb, (2017). Proposed accounting standard update. Retrieved from: https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176169161878acceptedDisclaimer=true Graves, C. R., Seet, P. S. (2017). Internationalization Through Investor, Advisory Board, and Accountant Networks: An Exploratory Study of Australian SMEs.Internationalization and Managing Networks in the Asia Pacific, 1(1),143. Kocakulah, M. C., Kelley, A. G., Mitchell, K. M., Ruggieri, M. P. (2016). Absenteeism problems and costs: causes, effects and cures.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),15(3), 89. Sallem, N. R. M., Nasir, N. E. M., Nori, W. M. N. W. M., Kassim, C. K. H. C. K. (2017). Small and Medium Enterprises: Critical Problems and Possible Solutions.International Business Management,11(1), 47-52. Vasarhelyi, M. A., Kogan, A., Tuttle, B. M. (2015). Big data in accounting: An overview. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), 381-396. Wahlen, J., Jones, J. and Pagach, D. (2012). The FASB Accounting Standard Codification. Pennsylvannia: South-Western P.

Industrial Relations free essay sample

To establish a proper channel of communication. 5. To increase the morale and discipline of the employees. 6. To safeguard the interests of the labour as well as management by securing the highest level of mutual understanding and goodwill between all sections in an industry. 7. To avoid all forms of industrial conflicts so as to ensure industrial peace by providing better living and working standards for the workers. 8. To bring about government control over such industrial units which are running at a loss for protecting the livelihood of the employees. Importance of Industrial Relations: 1. Uninterrupted Production: The most important benefit of industrial benefits is that it ensures continuity of production. This means continuous employment for all involved right from managers to workers. There is uninterrupted flow of income for all. Smooth running of industries is important for manufacturers, if their products are perishable goods and to consumers if the goods are for mass consumption (essential commodities, food grains etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Industrial Relations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). Good industrial relations bring industrial peace which in turn tends to increase production. 2. Reduction in Industrial disputes: Good Industrial relations reduce Industrial disputes. Strikes, grievances and lockouts are some of the reflections of Industrial unrest. Industrial peace helps in promoting co-operation and increasing production. Thus good Industrial relations help in establishing Industrial democracy, discipline and a conducive workplace environment. 3. High morale: Good Industrial relations improve the morale of the employees and motivate the worker workers to work more and better. 4. Reduced wastage: Good Industrial relations are maintained on the basis of co-operation and recognition of ach other. It helps to reduce wastage of material, manpower and costs. 5. Contributes to economic growth and development. Causes of poor Industrial Relations: 1. Economic causes: Often poor wages and poor working conditions are the main causes for unhealthy relations between management and labour. Unauthorised deductions from wages, lack of fringe benefits, absence of promotion op portunities, faulty incentive schemes are other economic causes. Other causes for Industrial conflicts are inadequate infrastructure, worn-out plant and machinery, poor layout, unsatisfactory maintenance etc. . Organisational causes: Faulty communications system, unfair practices, non-recognition of trade unions and labour laws are also some other causes of poor relations in industry. 3. Social causes: Uninteresting nature of work is the main social cause of poor Industrial relations. Dissatisfaction with job and personal life culminates into Industrial conflicts. 4. Psychological causes: Lack of job security, non-recognition of merit and performance, poor interpersonal relations are the psychological reasons for unsatisfactory employer-employee relations. 5. Political causes: Multiple unions, inter-union rivalry weaken the trade unions. Defective trade unions system prevailing in the country has been one of the most responsible causes for Industrial disputes in the country. Suggestions to improve Industrial Relations: 1. Sound personnel policies: Policies and procedures concerning the compensation, transfer and promotion, etc. of employees should be fair and transparent. All policies and rules relating to Industrial relations should be fair and transparent to everybody in the enterprise and to the union leaders. 2. Participative management: Employees should associate workers and unions in the formulation and implementation of HR policies and practices. 3. Responsible unions: A strong trade union is an asset to the employer. Trade unions should adopt a responsible rather than political approach to industrial relations. 4. Employee welfare: Employers should recognise the need for the welfare of workers. They must ensure reasonable wages, satisfactory working conditions, and other necessary facilities for labour. Management should have a genuine concern for the welfare and betterment of the working class. 5. Grievance procedure: A well-established and properly administered system committed to the timely and satisfactory redressal of employee’s grievances can be very helpful in improving Industrial relations. A suggestion scheme will help to satisfy the creative urge of the workers. 6. Constructive attitude: Both management and trade unions should adopt positive attitude towards each other. Management must recognise unions as the spokesmen of the workers’ grievances and as custodians of their interests. The employer should accept workers as equal partners in a joint endeavour for good Industrial relations. . Creating a proper communication channel to avoid grievances and misunderstandings among employees 8. Education and training imparted to the employees What are Industrial Relations? The concept of Industrial relations has been defined using various terminologies, but in the strictest sense, it is essentially the relationship between management and labor. The full concept of industrial relations is the organization and practice of multi-pronged relationships between labor and management, unions and labor, unions and management in an industry. Dale Yoder defines it as a whole field of relationships that exists because of the necessary collaboration of men and women in the employment process of an industry. Role of Industrial Relations: Industrial relations are associated with labor, management, labor unions, and the state. The scene of industrial relations has grown tremendously, and cannot be represented merely by relations between management and labor. It has become a comprehensive and total concept embracing the sum total of relationship that exists at various levels of the organizational structure. Additionally, it connotes relationships between workers themselves within the labor class, and relations among the management within the managerial class. In an open sense, industrial relations denote all types of relations within a group and outside a group both formal and informal relations. Objectives of Industrial Relations: 1. Protect management and labor interests by securing mutual relations between the two groups. 2. Avoid disputes between management and labor, and create a harmonizing relationship between the groups so productivity can be increased. . Ensure full employment and reduce absenteeism, hence, increasing productivity and profits. 4. Emphasize labor employer partnership to establish and maintain industrial democracy. This is done to ensure the sharing of profit gains, and personal developmental of all all employees. 5. Provide better wages and living conditions to labor, so misunderstandings between management and labor are reduced to a minimum. 6. To bring about government control over plants where losses are running high, or where products are produced in the public interest. 7. To bridge a gap between various public factions and reshape the complex social relationships emerging out of technological advances by controlling and disciplining members, and adjusting their conflicts of interests. Conceptual Model for understanding Industrial Relations Conceptual Model of Industrial Relations Role of State Intervention: State intervention in business is necessary in a developing country because of the following reasons: 1. Developing countries lack powerful labor unions, enabling organizations to exploit workers and even ignore their demands. This is why governments have to step in and play a role in delineating certain parameters of industrial relations. 2. When the conditions of laborers worsen, and/or disputations arise, the government cannot be a silent bystander. It has to intervene in the situation and try to satisfy both sides by being a preceptor or an intermediary, and establish peace. 3. The federal nature of the constitution has made it imperative for the state to intervene in matters of labor to ensure a smooth and continuous operation. The state and the central governments have established certain laws that have to be followed by businesses. These are: the Plantations Act of 1952, the Minimum Wages Act of 1948, the Industrial Disputes Act, the Payment of Bonus Act of 1965, the Contract Labor Act of 1970, the Payment of Gratuity Act of 1972, the Bonded Labor System Act and the Remuneration Act of 1978. 4. The Directive Principals of the Constitution enjoin upon the state to establish a welfare state and to look after the interests of the weaker sections of the society, for example, the physically disabled. Definition of Mediation and Conciliation Mediation Mediation is the concept of making peace between aggravated parties. It is an ancient practice, and is carried out by a peace-maker. Mediation comes into play when two or more parties come together to discuss their differences and settle their differences. Mediation has been used among people, nations, litigants, labor and government, etc. A mediator, who is an outsider, may be present for settlement of disputes. The mediators role is to assist the parties in their negotiations. Conciliation Conciliation is generally the process of encouraging the aggravated parties to come together for mediation. In industrial relations however, the distinctions between the terms mediation and conciliation are negligible, and this trend also applies to other countries. Therefore, conciliation may be defined as the services of a third party that are used in a dispute as a means of helping the disputing parties to reduce the extent of their differences and to arrive at a settlement or mutually agreed solution. Conciliation tends to bring a speedy solution to industrial disagreements, hence, avoiding unnecessary strikes and lock-outs. Role of a conciliator: A conciliators function is to define a series of steps toward settlement of differences between the parties seeking reconciliation. A conciliator may open a series of options, attitudes, and offer alternative possibilities of settlement. The roles of a conciliator are summarized below: a. Discussion Leader A conciliator encourages a clear and friendly communication, creates a safe environment, and discourages any bias or antagonism between the parties. . Safety Valve A conciliator may be placed between the aggravated parties and may take on collateral damage without damaging the atmosphere of conciliatory meetings. c. Communication link A conciliator may serve as an important communication link between the aggravated parties. d. An innovator A conciliator may offer new suggestions and priorities, and provide the parties different views t o the solution. e. A sounding board A conciliator may step in between any heated arguments taking place during the conciliatory process. f. Protector A conciliator may be a protector of the parties while preparing the parties for a collective bargaining position during separate meetings. h. A stimulator A conciliator may motivate the parties to a peaceful solution by supporting good arguments from opposing sides. i. An advisor A conciliator ensures that misunderstandings dont occur between the parties, and that room is open only to responsible discussions. j. A face saver A conciliator may get the defeated party a form of accommodating settlement, which, in reality, holds on real value. This is done in order to mask the loss of face or prestige of the losing party. k. Promoter of collective bargaining A conciliator promotes collective bargaining and development of a mutual understanding between the parties. Tripartite Bipartite Bodies, and Industrial Settlement Tripartite Bodies: The principals and policies of the tripartite body have been a machinery of consultancy at the industrial and national levels. The tripartite body was established to make peace and improve relations between management and unions, and maintain smooth functioning of union management relations. It began as a statutory organization by the recommendation of the Whitey Commission to the ILO in 1931. The tripartite body had to be sufficiently large to ensure sufficient representation of the various interests involved; encourage representatives of employers, labor and government to meet regularly; and disallow individual members from making individual contributions to meetings. Purpose of Tripartite Body: a. Bring the aggravated parties together for mutual settlement of differences, and encourage a spirit of cooperation and goodwill. b. Promote uniformity in labor laws and legislation. . Discuss all matters of All India importance as between employers and employees. d. Determine a plan for settlement for all disputes. Bipartite Bodies: With the beginning of industrialization of India, labor relations in Indian industries have also been largely influenced by Indian democracy. Groups like Works Committee and Management Council were established to democratize Indian industrial rela tions. The bipartite consultation machinery was established around 1920, during the time when a few joint committees were setup by the Government of India. These joint committees were also introduced in TISCO in Jamshedpur. Fundamentals of Industrial Settlement: 1. Both parties have to realize that the country is breaking away from the past, and this is going to put continuous pressure on the quality of man-power and demands from human resources. 2. Both parties have to realize that to run a successful and profitable business, team work is extremely important. This gives rise to timely response and supply of goods to the society. 3. Both the parties accept the charters of Human Resources Policy summarized below: a. Individuals must make every effort to improve their job skills through training and participating in developmental activities. b. Each employee must keep his/her job skills up-to-date with changing business practices and operations. c. Machineries should be used throughout the year with trained staff readily available to operate it. d. Indirect employees may be converted to direct employees for increasing business efficiency. e. Absenteeism and unnecessary delays must be reduced through planning. f. Short-term employment must be avoided. Long-term employment should be encouraged and highly trained employees must be hired. . The above steps must be utilized to increase company productivity; exploitation of employees must be disallowed. h. High emphasis must be placed upon the quality of work. The Zero Defect policy must be always followed. i. Employees must make a stand to follow the Human Resources Policy individually or collectively. j. Both the parties should closely and routinely monitor change in productivity, and take necessary steps to avoid undesirable consequences. Types of Industrial Strikes Types of Strikes: Hunger strike: Workers gather near the factory owners residence and refuse to eat. Pen down: Workers come to work on regular hours but refuse to do any work. Rule strike: This type of strike is done by strictly abiding by company rules to the extreme, and there is no space for flexibility. Support strike: Supporting workers from another factory also go on strike to support their fellow workers from a related factory. Gate strike: Workers gather near the company gates and launch a strike. Production strike: Workers produce more industrial items but now in harmony. Go-slow: Workers work their usual hours but their productivity is greatly reduced. They deliberately work slower than usual, causing heavy losses and production delays. Picketing and boycott: This is the act of surrounding and picketing the owners residence, and not allowing anyone to enter the premises. Violent picketing is illegal. Boycott is disturbing the normal functioning of the business. Gherao: This is the process of blocking a target by encircling it. This may prevent people from approaching the target. The target may be an office, a building entrance, factory, residence, etc. Gherao may involve assault and torture, and gheraos are illegal. Sympathetic strike: This is an illegal strike done by workmen, who are fully satisfied by their employment, but support the cause of their fellow unsatisfied workmen. Lockouts: This is the process of closing down a place of business due to refusal to work by the employees. Lockouts are different from strikes because lockouts are initiated by the management/employer. Lockouts are: 1. Closure of industrial undertaking due to violence, disputes, etc. 2. Suspension of employment relationship. 3. Lockouts are initiated by the employer, and strikes are initiated by the employees. . Lockouts have definite motive. Lockouts Economy: Lockouts damage industry and national economy. Parameters Classification of Industrial Disputes What is an Industrial Dispute? For a dispute to become an industrial dispute, the following parameters have to be met: 1. The dispute must be between: a. Employers and employers. b. Employers and labor. c. Labor and labor. 2. It should be in relation to employment, no n-employment, terms of employment, with the conditions of labor (except managers and supervisors), or must pertain to any industrial matter. . The workman shouldnt have an income over Rs 1600 per month. 4. There should be a valid and contractual relation between the employer and the employee. Furthermore, the employee must be employee at the time of the dispute. Classifications of Disputes: 1. Conflict of Interest: These conflicts arise due to disagreements in level of income, fringe benefits, job security, and/or other terms and conditions of employment. Dispute can be resolved on conciliation by compromising. 2. Grievance or Rights Disputes: Also known as conflict of rights disputes, they occur due to general disagreements like: discipline, dismissal, payment of wages, overtime, time off entitlements, demotion, transfer, etc. Dispute can be resolved in labor courts and tribunals. 3. Disputes involving unfair labor practices: This type of dispute occurs when Trade union members face discrimination. Unfair labor practices include: interference, restraint or coercion of employees, refusal to collective bargaining, recruitment of workmen during legal strikes, failure to implement awards, acts of violence, etc. Resolution occurs by rules laid down by the MRTU PULP Act in the state of Maharashtra, or following the rules of the Industrial Dispute Act. What is the Indian Industrial Dispute Act of 1947? The Industrial Dispute Act of 1947 has been described as the latest milestone in the industrial development in India. The Act has seen new additions in the past few years. However, the principal objectives of the Industrial Dispute Act of 1947 are: Objectives of Indian Industrial Dispute Act: 1. To encourage good relations between labor and industries, and provide a medium of settling disputes through adjudicator authorities. . To provide a committee for dispute settlement between industry and labor with the right of representation by a registered trade union or by an association of employers. 3. Prevent unauthorized strikes and lockouts. 4. Reach out to labor that has been laid-off, unrightfully dismissed, etc. 5. Provide labor the right to collective bargaining and promote conciliation. New I ndian Industrial Dispute Act Principles: 1. A permanent conciliation committee for the speedy settlement of industrial disputes. 2. Compulsory arbitration in public utility services and enforcement of arbitration awards. . Strikes during proceedings of conciliation and arbitration meetings are prohibited. 4. Set aside specific times for conciliation and arbitration meetings. 5. Employers have to be obliged to communicate with labor unions. 6. Mutual consultation has to be set up between industry and labor by the Works Committee. 7. Disputes between labor and industry have to be forwarded to an Industrial Tribunal. If the Industrial tribunal fails to handle the case, the case should be forwarded to the appropriate government. Authorities under Indian Industrial Dispute Act: . Works committee. 2. Conciliation officer. 3. Boards of conciliation. 4. Courts of inquiry. 5. Labor courts. 6. Industrial tribunals. 7. National tribunals. causes of Industrial Dispute: Disputes may result from various causes: psychological, potential, and economic. The most common cause of strikes has been economic reasons; other reasons have been influenced by nationalist, communist, and commercial ends. The Labor Bureau of Simla has observed causes such as: wages and allowances, bonus, personnel, vacation and work timings, violence (added in 1971), etc. An analysis has revealed the following facts: During 1921-1931: †¢ 15. 2% of demands were related to wages. †¢ 4. 6% of demands were related to bonus. †¢ 4. 4% of demands were related to vacation days and work-timings. †¢ 18. 5% of demands were related to others. During 1939-1947: †¢ 44. 1% of demands were related to wages. †¢ 7. 9% of demands were related to bonus. †¢ 15. 6% of demands were related to personal matters. †¢ 5% of demands were related to vacation and work-timings. During 1948-1957: †¢ 28. 1% of demands were related to wages. †¢ 9. 1% of demands were related to bonus. †¢ 30. % of demands were related to personal matters. †¢ 7. 2% of demands were related to vacation days and work-timings. Industrial Disputes According to V. B. Singh: Mr. V. B. Singh defines industrial disputes falling under these categories: 1. Income (wage items, price rates, allowances, bonus, minimum and basic wages, etc. ) 2. Employment (hol idays, leaves like sick leave, etc. , work-timings, welfare activities, etc. ), and 3. Technological changes (workload, standardization of raw materials, etc. ). What is Industrial Peace? Industrial peace has, at a certain extent, worsened in the past few years. The social gap between management and labor has increased, resulting in increased disparities and frustration. Industrial peace has to be developed with mutually understanding the issues of labor, and it is imperative to have proper communication between management and labor union. Three ways to establish industrial have been suggested by the Royal Commission on Labor: 1. Appoint a labor officer who ensures labor welfare and serves as a representative to management. 2. Constitution of Works Communities for different industries, and 3. Development of stable and responsible trade unions.

STAT 1350, Quiz #10, Summer 2014 Essays - Regression Analysis

STAT 1350, Quiz #10, Summer 2014 Essays - Regression Analysis STAT 1350, Quiz #10, Summer 2014Name _______________________________________ 1-3. A random sample of patients who attended a clinic was selected. The age of the patient (years) and the number of days since the last visit were collected and are displayed in the figure below. The least-squares regression line for predicting number of days since the last visit from the age of the patient is y = 600.081 8.694x. 1.The slope of this line is A) 600.081. B) 8.694. C) 8.694. D) 600.081 8.694 = 591.387. Ans: C 2.The slope of this line tells us the A)correlation between age of patient and days since last visit. B)change in days since last visit for each year older a patient is, on average. C)change in the age of the patient for each extra day since the last visit. D)average days since last visit for all of the patients. Ans: B 3.Using this line, you predict that the number of days since last visit to the clinic for a 50-year-old patient will be about A) 63 days. B) 78 days. C) 165 days. D) 200 days. E) 252 days. Ans: C 4.What can we say about the relationship between a correlation r and the slope b of the least-squares line for the same set of data? A)r is always larger than b. B)r and b always have the same sign (+ or ). C)b is always larger than r. D)b and r are measured in the same units. E)Both C and D are correct. Ans: B 5.A study of 3617 adults found that those who attend religious services live longer (on the average) than those who dont. Is this good evidence that attending services causes longer life? A)Yes, because the study is an experiment. B)No, because religious people may differ from non-religious people in other ways, such as smoking and drinking, that affect life span. C)Yes, because the sample is so large that the margin of error will be quite small. D)No, because we cant generalize from 3617 people to the millions of adults in the country. Ans: B 6.If the least-squares regression line for predicting y from x is y = 500 20x, what is the predicted value of y when x = 10? A) 300 B) 500 C) 4800 D) 700 E) 20 Ans: A 7.Perfect correlation means all of the following except A)r = 1 or r = +1. B)all points on the scatterplot lie on a straight line. C)all variation in one variable is explained by variation in the other variable. D)there is a causal relationship between the variables. E)each variable is a perfect predictor of the other. Ans: D 8.The correlation coefficient for these data is r = 0.45. Which of the following statements is true? A)Predictions using this equation will be fairly poor since about 45% of the variation in price can be explained by the linear relationship with number of pages. B)Predictions using this equation will be fairly good since about 45% of the variation in price can be explained by the linear relationship with number of pages. C)Predictions using this equation will be fairly poor since about 20% of the variation in price can be explained by the linear relationship with number of pages. D)Predictions using this equation will be fairly good since about 20% of the variation in price can be explained by the linear relationship with number of pages. Ans: C 9.The best way to settle questions of causation is A)a careful observational study. D)to draw a line graph. B)a properly designed experiment. E)to calculate a correlation. C)to draw a scatterplot. Ans: B

How will automation affect operations management practices over the Research Paper

How will automation affect operations management practices over the next decade - Research Paper Example Automation is classified into three categories depending on the purpose; firstly, automation that performs duties beyond human capability or human operators cannot accomplish task within desired duration. The second is automation of duties that human operators perform poorly, and finally, automation of risky or undesirable activities (Singh, Tiwari & Singh, 2009, p.9). Essentially, automation has reduced the number of human resource in operation; similarly, it has reduced human interaction. Further, the cost of automation is very high and requires specialized workers to handle and maintain these systems. Besides, the benefits of automation, there are process that cannot be easily automated. Automation will fuel development of more customized products and shorten production duration. Furthermore, through automation, higher quality goods will be produced as a result of improved product and process design. Some processes will became fully automated, thus requiring minimal human supervis ory control. Similarly, automation will have profound effects on management of human resource and other operations. Essentially, automation will affect the organizational structure by shrinking management levels. This paper will explore how automation will affect designing of products and services and operational processes used to create goods and services over the next decade. Similarly, the paper also outlines the possible effects of automation on other operations management practices such as controlling, planning, and management. How Automation will affect design of products, Services, and operation processes Design in operation management encompasses design of products, services and the operation process. Design automation that is actively evolving... The growth rate of automation is increasing at a high rate due to international competition and availability of skilled labor and capital. Besides, automation is significant because it can lead to higher quality products and higher productivity. Automation is geared to solving a specific problem, thus the problem determines the level of automation. Furthermore, automation helps to performs duties beyond human capability or human operators cannot accomplish within desired duration, or even those duties that human operators perform poorly or/and risky and undesirable activities. Automation will affect product design and process design in future. Design automation, which is actively evolving, will result in development of technology that will automate the design of products from concept design, through design layout and detail design. Primarily, design automation will cut the process duration and increase productivity. Generally, design automation impacts development process in that it speeds design process by 30 percent. Additionally, automation will result in greater levels of customization of products and facilitate faster product designing. Furthermore, customers will access products of higher quality due to improved product designs and processes. Similarly, the operation processes will evolve to be more specialized and subjected to more formal operating controls. In addition, automation will help managers to improve the planning process by aiding in decision-making. Through easy to use and accurate decision support tools, better planning mechanisms will be utilized, hence promote productivity of organizations. Such tools will eliminate human biases and hasten the decision making process.

A Short Paper on the Inside the Solar System Essay

A Short Paper on the Inside the Solar System - Essay Example It will focus on Karl Tate’s article on the solar system, presented in 2011 at space.com. The solar system comprises of eight planets and five dwarf planets. This is according to a valid astronomers count (Tate, 2011). Some of the terrestrial planets include Mars, Neptune and the inner planets also called the Jovian planets. Dwarf planets are small in size. The sun is the closest planet to planet earth and the largest object in the solar system. The sun is orbited by eight planets. Meteors and meteoroids are strip of lights commonly referred to as falling or shooting stars although they are not stars. They consist of small pieces of rocks or metals that come from space into the sky and move at a remarkably high speed. Comets are larger than meteors. They move at a much lower rate and have tails. Comets consist of mostly ice and rocks. Asteroids are small rocky objects with round or irregular shapes (Tate, 2011). In conclusion, the publication shows the beauty and the science behind what is observed from time to time in the

Who needs Superstars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Who needs Superstars - Essay Example A corporate superstar is someone that shines above al of the rest and the article refers to the fact that there is not enough talent in corporate America. There are the Bill Gates and the Donald Trumps of the business world but every organization needs their own Gates and Trumps and having just one in the organization is not enough. However, Article 18 points out that the Gates and Trumps of the corporate world are rare. The article likens them to unicorns, the mythical beast with special powers and explains that many corporations dedicate their resources to discovering a unicorn. It also examines the fact that there are not enough unicorns out there and presents a solution to this problem. There article also includes a discussion of what a corporation has to do with the unicorn once they find it. If one of these corporate superstars is expected to perform to their capabilities and display their talent they must be challenged. The difficulty in this is that talent is so rare it is easier for an organization to dedicate their resources to working with a group of normal individuals to acquire talent out of the group of them. Article 18 also details the problems that organizations have with structure. It describes initiative programs put into motion by corporations but and also details how most times these initiatives are not followed through with. It is necessary for the talent in the company to be challenged in order for them to prosper but Article 18 points out that in most companies this is not done. Application The premise of talent can be applied to my life and my place of work. Where I work everyone does what they are supposed to do to keep their jobs and not much more. I work with some very intelligent people who actually are probably very talented. However, their talent does not rise to the top because they are not challenged. I believe that there is routine in the workplace and this gives an atmosphere for mediocrity. The work environment is one of routine and if initiatives were given and followed through with, I think that more people might go the extra step and their true talent and potential would surface. I think that potential is a very important word in this discussion because its as if not enough people perform to their potential. At my workplace, the employees walk around like robots and do their tasks in a routine manner giving nothing extra. However, it is important to point out that hard work is not rewarded in the company I work for. That brings up another point that needs to be addressed and that is does hard work have to be rewarded or should it be expected I feel that talented people in an organization are those individuals that put one hundred percent effort into everything that do. I also that they do this not to be rewarded but because that is how they perform and that is what makes them talented. The problem is how to get the talent out of people. The question that is being examined in this portion is how to apply this premise to a place of work. As I pointed out my placer of work is filled with individuals who do what is expected of them and nothing more. Would initiatives work I believe some motivation would be helpful but as Article 18 pointed out an initiative program needs structure and must be followed through with. I think that at my place of work there would be no structure to an initiative plan. I do feel it would be embraced at the beginning but would eventually fade out and everyone's attitude would be back to where it is now. This brings up the point of being rewarded and expecting it. I know all

Differences Between Actor Network Theory And Social Construction Sociology Essay

Differences Between Actor Network Theory And Social Construction Sociology Essay Here are few differences between Actor Network Theory and Social construction of technology that I found from various analysts point of view. To start with, I would like to jot down the basic difference between Actor network theory and the theory of social construction of technology. Actor network theory (ANT) considers both technical determinism and social determinism, i.e. it does not stick by the idea that technology shapes the society or the society shapes the technology (latour, Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory, 2005). Social Construction of technology (SCOT) theory follows the ideas that technology is emerged from the social interaction of social group, which can be called social determinism. (Klein, H. K. Kleinman, D. L., 2002) Both of these theories involve participants in process of shaping the network or in shaping the outcome, known as Actors. Actors involved in ANT are humans and non-humans which are treated equally as separation between the two are difficult, as it cannot be said who played the major role. (latour,1997). The actors involved in SCOT are the Relevant Social group which includes people sharing the same interest in shaping the technological artifact (Bijker, Hughes, Pinch, 1989). Actors in ANT need to be performing constantly to keep the network flowing without any lag or hick up. SCOT does not follow a strict principle on the performance of the actors or the groups. If a certain relevant social groups involvement or influence is less than the other group, in that case it only brings in a few changes in the outcome of the technological artifact. (Klein, H. K. Kleinman, D. L., 2002) Talking about the aim of these theories, ANT is more about how the networks are formed rather than why the y are formed. It does not predict the outcome of the socio-technical artifact at any point. These entities are known as mediators where the input by the actors cannot predict the outcome; rather it multiplies or deletes the input/object passing through network known as tokens or quasi objects. (Wikipedia) Whereas SCOT illustrates how the social surrounding which include RSG and other actors give rise to a particular artifact. Right from the beginning the outcome is predicted or decided. It acts more like an intermediate unlike ANT. It does not really matter if there are changes that come through in the social surrounding while building the artifact, the previously assumed idea of the outcome would still remain the same. (Klein, H. K. Kleinman, D. L., 2002) If we study ANT carefully, the actors involved in it are not just objects but an association of other elements which self constitutes a network. To look like a single point actor, these elements are simplified or Black boxed. That means the network actors are open to new ideas and their contents can be reconsidered (Gidding, 1999). The idea of reconsidering the content does not exist in SCOT. It limits the influence of the RSG once the interpretive flexibility starts to gradually diminish. This causes it to reach the rhetorical closure, thus the alternative idea of a new design is eliminated. (Klein, H. K. Kleinman, D. L., 2002) Following the actor, this method in ANT suggest that the actors set their framework and the limits of the network by themselves. Actors in ANT are able to make their presence individually felt by the other actors (Tatnall Burgess, 2002). As discussed earlier, actors can be thought of as a black box, which has many actors hiding one behind other. So basically all the actors can be found at one place or it can be said that all the actors form a single point actor and this effect is known as Punctualisation (latour, Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory, 2005). When the same method is compared to SCOT, actors are followed who are relevant to the technology and that may lead to another actor who is also relevant to that technology. The process is continued till no new actors pop-up. This causes the interpretation to come to a closure. Both of these theories have a positive and a negative side of their own. The biggest drawback of SCOT is that it ignores the effect of the technology after it has come into existence by social determinism. The technological artifact might have been developed for a particular purpose. But it is hard to expect the end-users to use it the way it is suppose to be used. In that case, it means that the effect of the technology after is has come into existence from a social determinism method, is slowly shaping the society in its own way. That brings us back to technological determinism. (Klein, H. K. Kleinman, D. L., 2002) As we know RSG solves the technical problems, seeking solutions, etc. We do not know who decides the which group are relevant social group and with the same the social interest. It fails to include the groups that have no voice and also the groups that will be affected by the results of technological change and also the groups that have been stamped down and excluded (Prell, Christina, 2009). It also fails to explain the circumstances where one of the relevant social groups seriously disagrees to either to the design or technological system or artifact, etc. There is no explanation on how the theory would handle the disagreements of the groups. Many critiques has pointed out on the same fault of theory that it portrays all the social groups on the same level or sharing equal authority or power. There is a slight fault with the interpretive flexibility once it reaches the closure. It does not look back for further interpretations in the future. (Hard, 1993) Actor-network theory treats humans and non-humans equal. It has been argued by many critics that how can a non-human be assigned to be an agency. For example, a technology can only be identified because we differentiate it from human actors. Technologies do not speak for themselves nor do they exist outside of processes of human assumption. Analytically speaking there is no such non-human actor to be described by ANT. ANT assumes that all actors, which include both humans and non-humans, are equal within the network, and have the same power. This leaves no space for power instability is left. Thus the power struggles within the network. ANT case studies leads to a lot of useless descriptions that seem pointless. (Whittle Spicer, 2005) Another major drawback of ANT it gets very difficult to follow the actors as the researcher would have to get into the depth of the topic for investigating a particular case without knowing where they will lead. As the actors are black-boxed, the researcher is following only one actor and would not know if it would open up further possible investigation. One of other weakness about ANT is that the actors, ANT requires both the actors to be performing constantly to keep the network flowing. Even if one fails, the whole system fails. (learning-theories, 2008) Talking about the strength of SCOT, one of the plus point of SCOT is how it overcomes one problem by finding a better way to adopt the technology. For example. Bicycle. There was a lot of debate on the safety and the way it was built or looked. But then, the eventually they adopted it because of the fact that they were fast when it came to speed. They overlooked the problem by relating it to another better plus point to the technology. To think about it, end of the day we (humans) are the once who are going to use the technology. So doesnt it make more sense that we shape the technology the way we want it? Based on our application we can shape the technology, SCOT is something that does exactly the same. Unlike ANT even if one if the actors fail to perform, the outcome of the system or the technological artifact does not fail. In that case that particular actor or the group will have less influence in the process of making the artifact. (Bijker, Hughes, Pinch, 1989) Actor-network theories main strength would be how it overcomes both social and technical determinism. This makes sense in a way because in a particular invention, it is hard to say who played the major role, humans or non-humans. For instance, let us take the example of how the laptop came into existence. If we have a look into it, the invention results from human and technology. The technical aspect of the laptop is achieved by the technical team which in-turn is influenced by the social background. Therefore, what seems to be social is partly technical and what seems to be technical is partly social. (latour, Reassembling the social: an introduction to actor-network-theory, 2005) Following the actors might have been criticized in the case of ANT but it has its own positive side too. When compared to SCOT, it does not have to approach each and every actor of the same revelant group. In ANT all the actors act as a single point actor which can be found in the Black box. (Gidding, 1999)

career paper ( preschool teacher) -- essays research papers

History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool is something very important for toddlers. Preschools were established in Europe around the late 1800’s. They were later introduced to the United States in the 1920’s. According to the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition â€Å"preschools expanded rapidly in the united states during the 1960’s†. Job Description   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool teachers usually instruct children usually until they reach the age of five. They conduct activities designed to develop social, physical, and intellectual skills needed for primary school. During an interview I was told many things on the subject. â€Å"You need a lot of patience† said Esther Rodriguez a preschool teacher. There are many tasks needed to be done. While researching I came across plenty of information on the internet, Echoices says that some typical tasks are â€Å"planning individual and group activities, and monitor activities to prevent accidents and conflicts between children†. Nature of Work   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Preschool teachers play a very important role in the development of children. In the Encyclopedia of careers and vocational guidance 9th edition states that â€Å"a preschool teacher’s primary responsibility in the social development and health of each child†. Preschool teachers design activities that build on the children’s native abilities and help them develop skills and characteristics that will help them grow. What children learn a...

Critique of the Cultural Imperialism Theory

Abstract This paper stands to critique the Cultural Imperialism Theory. The paper further looks at both the negative and the positive effects of Cultural Imperialism. The cultural imperialism theory sets to shape the concept of cultural imperialism itself. It concludes that, though the western world is eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. Keywords: culture, imperialism, media imperialism, cultural imperialism Introduction A man's pride lies in his confidence and his personality is greatly nurtured by his ulture.Culture is the characteristic of a particular group of people, defined by things such as language, religion, social habits, music and arts that are passed from one generation to the other; it can also be the tradition of the people (Zimmermann, 2012). According to the New Oxford Dictionary, culture is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concept of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquire by a group of people in the course of generations through individual land group striving.Imperialism as defined by the Dictionary of Human Geography, is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination. According to Downing, Mohammad', and Sreberny- Mohammadi (1995), Imperialism is the conquest and control of one country by a more powerful one. According to Boyd-Barrett (1977 p. 1 7)

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays

Case Studies in Anthropology Essays Case Studies in Anthropology Paper Case Studies in Anthropology Paper In chapter five of the book â€Å"The Yanamamo: Case Studies in Anthropology† by Napoleon A. Chagnon deals with political alliances, trading and feasting and how it fits into their culture and practices. Alliances between villages involve casual trading, mutual feasting and the exchange of women. Their power exists with the ideal that the stronger villages should take advantages of the weaker villages and this is shown by taking of the women of one village from another. Because of this military threat intervillage alliance is desirable and villages should behave in a strong fashion so trade alliances are very important. There are three distinct features of Yanamano trading practices. The first is that each item traded must be repaid with a different type of item. Who ever gets the gift must repay his partner and this is called no mraiha. This way of giving must be paid back and is a leverage to ask for a reciprocal gift. Second the gift is usually delayed. The ideal is that one trade will force the other and gives members of neighboring villages an excuse and opportunity to visit each other. The third is the specialization of the gifts. Each village has one or more specialized products to use in trade. The feast is a display of affluence and is a way to challenge the guests to give a feast of equal size at a later time and place. Sometimes so much food is offered that the guest will eat too much go and vomit and then return to eat more. Each feast calls for another. This is a way for allies to get to know each other during the dry season and over the years. Feasts are exciting and form a bond between the villages for years. Reference: Chagnon, N. A. (1997). The Yanamamo: Case studies in anthropology. N. J. : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston. Possible questions for a test: 1. What is the importance of aggression in the Yanamano’s culture? (2-3 page answer) 2. What are the three features of trading practices among the Yanamamo culture? (short essay) 3. How are Women viewed in this culture? (Short essay).

The Weaving Contest Between Athena and Arachne

The Weaving Contest Between Athena and Arachne While Athena was a friend to Greek heroes, she wasnt so helpful to women. The story of the weaving contest between Arachne and Athena is one of the most familiar myths about Athena, and its central theme is also popular. Greek mythology repeatedly hammers home the danger of comparing oneself with a goddess. The theme appears in the story of Cupid and Psyche, where Aphrodite is offended. While ultimately there is a happy ending, to avert Aphrodites wrath, Psyches family abandons her to death. In the mythological story of Niobe, Artemis punishes the mortal mother for boasting that she is a more fortunate mother than Artemis mother, Leto: Artemis destroys all Niobes children. The punishment Athena inflicts on her capable, but the merely mortal victim is more direct. If Arachne wants to claim to be a better weaver than Athena, so be it. Thats all shell ever be good for. Arachne Suffers a Metamorphosis The Roman poet Ovid writes about the metamorphosis Arachne suffers in his work on transformations (Metamorphoses): One at the loom so excellently skilld,That to the Goddess she refusd to yield, ( Ovid, Metamorphoses VI) In the myth, Athena challenges Arachne to a weaving contest in order to prove herself. The expert crafts goddess Athena is favorably impressed with Arachnes weaving of divine debaucheries: This the bright Goddess passionately movd,With envy saw, yet inwardly approvd.The scene of heavnly guilt with haste she tore,Nor longer the affront with patience bore;A boxen shuttle in her hand she took,And more than once Arachnes forehead struck. Athena cant tolerate the affront to her pride, though, so she turns Arachne into a spider doomed to weave forever. From the unfortunate spider-woman comes the name for the 8-legged creatures arachnids. Bulfinch on Athena (and Arachne)

Starbucks Corporation. SWOT Analysis Research Paper

Starbucks Corporation. SWOT Analysis - Research Paper Example In keeping with the case study, it can be ascertained that the employees in Starbucks used to follow the trend of informal dress-code. The casual dress-code fosters a stress-free environment within the organization. Furthermore, Howard Schultz, the vice president of the company perceived a vision of making Starbucks a national company. He wanted to incorporate values and policies, which will ensure goodwill and trust of the customers along with the employees. The new Starbucks established by Howard Schultz operated 9 stores. However, the newly formed management lacked experience, which stands to be the weakness of the new establishment. In order to overcome the challenges pertaining to management issues, Lawrence Maltz was appointed as the executive vice-president. His skills and strategies provided a new edge to the company (Shah et al., 2006). Correspondingly, the strategy of the company to expand its business in Chicago resulted in challenges. According to the case study, the Chicagoans did not prefer ‘Dark Roasted’ Coffee, which was a major weakness of the management strategy. Furthermore, the expenses incurred in the product processing in Chicago were much higher as compared to that of Seattle. Furthermore, the rent was also very high along with the wage rate. Starbucks expenses increased in Chicago store. In this regard, the advanced strategies taken by the company’s management included increasing labor costs and maintaining higher rents. This strategy ensured higher profits for the company in Chicago. Another key strength area of the Starbucks was its workplace environment. The management of the company endured a strong belief that the employees higher pay scale and fringe benefits act as a mechanism to attract the skilled and motivated individuals as the workforce. The strategies formulated to att ract the human capital acts as one of the major strengths of the company. After acquiring a better position in the homeland, Starbucks decided to expand its operations beyond national boundaries. It had planned two differentiated strategies, i.e. either to establish a company owned and operated store or to provide license to a local company to promote the Starbuck’s products. Uncontrolled expansion of the Starbucks operating store can be termed as a decisive weakness. It has been observed that the company plans for the expansion at the cost of their being different from others. It earned profit in the international market based on its premium coffee brand that has differentiated characteristics, which can be termed as one of the company’s weaknesses (Shah et al., 2006). Starbucks expansion plan to operate its stores internationally can be regarded as a major opportunity for the company. This strategy of the company provides it an opportunity to gain advantage over the international competitors. Moreover, the product line expansion of Starbucks also renders it major growth opportunities. The continuous innovation and commitment of the company had been rewarded in the internatio

A partnership agreement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A partnership agreement - Essay Example While such procedure will be effective in prevention of future conflicts, it has been found that conflicts are inevitable due to changes in laws and circumstances. It is also impossible to document every aspect of the partnership and as such, the document needs to be flexible enough to allow the inclusion of changing needs and circumstances of the partnership. Partnership agreements may need to be modified in the instance of divorce settlements, which may lead to the family members of a partner receiving shares, bankruptcy, death, retirement, disability, translocation of a partner, a partner intending to sell after getting a nice offer, debts taken out on the partnership. All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible.Divorce Settlements  At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple.... All of these reasons make strong the argument for the partnership agreement to be made flexible. Divorce Settlements At the time of getting into marriage, many partners overlook many of the provisions of a partnership agreement. In most instances, it is assumed that divorce or separation will not occur.. However, it has to be acknowledged that divorce and separation are an inevitable occurrence of modern life. It is thus important that since the marital circumstances of the partners may change in the future the partnership agreement be flexible enough to allow the inclusion for the changing circumstances. It s estimated that about a million of the businesses in the US are co owned by wife and husbands in a partnership. That being said it is inevitable that conflicts will arise in instances of divorce or separation of the couple. To add on to that many of the people who enter into business partnerships with other people other than their spouses are usually married. The resources broug ht into the business may thus be considered to belong to the family. Upon divorce, the couple may be required by law to divide the shares in the business in the interests of justice. A partnership agreement that does not take into account such things as divorce may thus need to be amended in order to accommodate the new dispensation. This is best exemplified in Estate of Cohen v. Booth Computers in which Cohen was suing her husband over shares held jointly by both of them. The judge ruled that Cohen was entitled to a share in the company by virtue of marriage since there was no express provision in the partnership agreement that was against such as scenario (Mahler, 2011). Bankruptcy Bankruptcy is the inability of a person to pay